| Customization: | Available |
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| CAS No.: | 68333-79-9 |
| Formula: | H12n3o4p |
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Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. Its chemical formula is [NH4PO3]n(OH)2 showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize. In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.
| Name of Product: Ammonium Polyphosphate 18-58-0 | |||
| Date of Production: Jan 25, 2022 | Date of Expiry: Jan 24, 2024 | ||
| Batch No.: TBG2022012516 | Lot Quantity: 120Mt | ||
| Date of Inspection: Jan 26, 2022 | Test Method:Yurun Inner Standard | ||
| Items | Standard Value | Test Results | |
| Appearance | Powder | Powder | |
| Available P2O5 | 58.0%min | 58.3% | |
| Total Nitrogen (N) | 18.0%min | 18.2% | |
| Polymerization Rate | 65.0%min | 72.5% | |
| Degree of Polymerization | 2-5 | 3.4 | |
| Solubility(in 100mL water) | 175g min | ||
| Water Insoluble | 0.1% | Not detected | |
| Moisture(H2O) | 0.5% max | 0.31% | |
| pH Value | 6-8 | 7.2 | |
| As | 30ppm max | 18ppm | |
| Pb | 10ppm max | 3ppm | |
| Cd | 5ppm max | 0.2ppm | |
| Cr | 20ppm max | 11ppm | |
| Hg | 0.1ppm max | 0.01ppm | |
| Particle Size (beneath 20 mesh) | 90.0%min | 90.00% | |
Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive, emulsifier, (E number: E545) and as a fertilizer.
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where APP is part of intumescent systems. Compounding with APP-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in.Further applications are thermosets, where APP is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems). APP is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.
Ammonium polyphosphates as used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II). They start to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood. The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters. The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst. In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning. In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat. Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agents. The mechanisms of intumescence and the mode of action of APP are described in a series of publications.
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